Catatan kaki Maharaja Jepun

  1. Terdapat perbezaan pendapat, 1. mengagungkan Polaris (mitos Cina kuno ja:天皇大帝), 2.dari Maharaja Gaozong dari Tang 3. kelainan "天王 (secara harfiah raja dari syurga)" (lihat 天皇)
  2. 役員、総代としての基礎知識 全国神社総代会編集発行「改訂神社役員、総代必携」 (Jepun)
  3. "Shogun". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dicapai pada November 19, 2014.
  4. Kanʼichi Asakawa. The early institutional life of Japan: a study in the reform of 645 A.D.. Tokyo: Shueisha (1903), p. 25. "We purposely avoid, in spite of its wide usage in foreign literature, the misleading term Mikado. If it be not for the natural curiosity of the races, which always seeks something novel and loves to call foreign things by foreign names, it is hard to understand why this obsolete and ambiguous word should so sedulously be retained. It originally meant not only the Sovereign, but also his house, the court, and even the State, and its use in historical writings causes many difficulties which it is unnecessary to discuss here in detail. The native Japanese employ the term neither in speech nor in writing. It might as well be dismissed with great advantage from sober literature as it has been for the official documents."
  5. Boscaro, Adriana; Gatti, Franco; Raveri, Massimo, para penyunting (2003). Rethinking Japan: Social Sciences, Ideology and Thought. II. Japan Library Limited. m/s. 300. ISBN 0-904404-79-X.
  6. Charles Holcombe (January 2001). The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. - A.D. 907. University of Hawaii Press. halaman 198–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2465-5.
  7. "Shogun". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dicapai pada November 19, 2014.
  8. Totman, Conrad (1966). "Political Succession in The Tokugawa Bakufu: Abe Masahiro's Rise to Power, 1843–1845". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 26: 102–124. doi:10.2307/2718461. JSTOR 2718461.